Extratropical cyclones north of 25°N are detected every 6 hours from NOAA CORe sea-level pressure (SLP) and 850-hPa winds, regridded to 1.25°. A cyclone centre is an 850-hPa vorticity maximum paired with a nearby SLP minimum south of 70°N, and a closed SLP minimum at and north of 70°N. Centres are linked into tracks, and tracks lasting at least 48 hours and travelling at least 1,000 km are retained.
The map is updated daily, with a lag of about 2 days. Each month is tracked with 7 extra days on either side, and every storm present during the month is drawn over its full lifetime, so a storm crossing a month boundary appears in both months. In the first week of a month the map keeps showing the previous month, marked provisional, until data reach 7 days after its end; that month is then finalized and archived, and the new month is shown.
Line colour shows the 6-hourly central pressure (hPa). Open circles mark the start, ringed circles the minimum pressure, and filled dots the end or latest position. Thick, labelled tracks are strong storms with a minimum central pressure of 970 hPa or lower, listed in the table. The lower panels zoom into the North Atlantic and North Pacific. Wind850 is the maximum 850-hPa wind sampled at the storm centre, not the 10-m wind. Times are UTC, and track IDs may change between updates.
Daily 2-m air temperature anomalies are shown for the Arctic (70–90°N), the Barents–Kara Sea (70–80°N, 30–70°E) and the Chukchi Sea (65–75°N, 160°E–140°W). Area-weighted means of NOAA CORe ensemble-mean daily 2-m temperature (1° grid) are compared with the 1991–2020 climatology for the same calendar day, smoothed with a 31-day running mean. No detrending is applied.
The latest figure shows the last 60 days and is updated daily, with a lag of about 2 days; each month is archived as a day 1–31 figure once complete. Bars show the daily anomaly (°C; red above and blue below normal), the dark line its 7-day trailing mean, and the grey band the 10–90% range of 1991–2020 daily anomalies for the same time of year. The header gives the latest value, the month-to-date (or monthly) mean, and a note when the day or month ranks among the three warmest or coldest since 1979. The small map marks each region.
Data and references
Data.
NOAA CORe (Conventional Observation Reanalysis), NCEP Climate Prediction Center, 1950–present (CPC CORe page).
Storm detection and tracking.
The method is adapted from Hong et al. (2020) and modified from Vitart et al. (1997), and is optimized for extratropical cyclones in the Northern Hemisphere.
• Hong, J. Y. et al. A critical role of extreme Atlantic windstorms in Arctic warming. Asia-Pac. J. Atmos. Sci. 56, 17–28 (2020).
• Vitart, F., Anderson, J. L. & Stern, W. F. Simulation of interannual variability of tropical storm frequency in an ensemble of GCM integrations. J. Clim. 10, 745–760 (1997).